Palabras clave
Infarto cerebral
Aterosclerosis
FisiopatologÃa
Salud dental
Categorías
Cómo citar
Resumen
La periodontitis se ha vinculado con el infarto cerebral (IC) y se ha descrito como un factor de riesgo para desarrollar un IC, sin embargo, la evidencia sobre su relación es controversial. El objetivo de la presente revisión es describir el impacto epidemiológico, los mecanismos fisiopatológicos y la relevancia clÃnica de la relación entre la enfermedad periodontal y el IC. Los estudios epidemiológicos demuestran que la periodontitis incrementa el riesgo para desarrollar un IC; efecto producido a través del estado proinflamatorio sistémico como consecuencia de la periodontitis, favoreciendo la formación de placas ateromatosas en grandes arterias. Además, el ADN bacteriano de patógenos causantes de periodontitis ha sido identificado en placas ateromatosas de pacientes con IC. Estudios recientes sugieren que el Grosor de la Ãntima Media (GIM) medido por ultrasonografÃa está relacionado en gran medida con los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares y recientemente con la periodontitis. Por último, se ha demostrado que el tratamiento de la periodontitis reduce el riesgo de IC. La relación entre la periodontitis y el IC es evidente. No obstante, es necesario desarrollar estudios aleatorizados que permitan medir de manera más precisa su relación y que permitan implementar estrategias efectivas de detección y tratamiento oportuno de periodontitis para disminuir la carga de enfermedad que representa el ictus.
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