Official scientific distribution organ of Instituto Panvascular de Occidente
Mask use in the community setting around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Efficacy, benefits, and risks: a review
PDF Artículo de Revisión (Spanish)

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
Mask use

Categories

How to Cite

1.
Mask use in the community setting around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Efficacy, benefits, and risks: a review. Rev Med Clin [Internet]. 2021 Feb. 8 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];5(1):e08022105011. Available from: https://medicinaclinica.org/index.php/rmc/article/view/283

Abstract

Abstract: With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan (China) towards the end of 2019, the world has faced a new pandemic, which so far already exceeds 5 million infected, called COVID-19. In the absence of an effective treatment against the infection, public health measures have obtained great relevance for the containment of the virus. These include hand washing and social distancing. The widespread use of face masks in the community setting has been a public health measure that, until now, has not been fully adopted by the international community due to the limited scientific evidence available. This review presents the current scientific evidence regarding the efficacy of this measure to mitigate the spread of this and other pandemics. As well as the benefits and risks that emanate from it.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Mask use

PDF Artículo de Revisión (Spanish)

References

World Health Organization. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Publicado: 28 febrero 2020. [consultado 15 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/docs/defaultsource/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf

World Health Organization. Advice on the use of masks in the community, during home care and in healthcare settings in the context of the novel coronavirus (‎‎‎‎‎2019-nCoV)‎ ‎‎‎‎ outbreak: interim guidance. Publicado: 29 enero 2020. [consultado 15 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330987

World Health Organization. Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance. Publicado: 6 abril 2020. [consultado 15 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak

Public Health England Coronavirus. (COVID-19)—what you need to know. Publicado: 23 enero 2020. [consultado 15 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://publichealthmatters.blog.gov.uk/2020/01/23/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-what-you-need-to-know/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendation Regarding the Use of Cloth Face Coverings, Especially in Areas of Significant Community-Based Transmission. Publicado: 6 abril 2020. [consultado 15 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cloth-face-cover.html

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. TECHNICAL REPORT: Using face masks in the community. Publicado: 8 abril 2020. [consultado 15 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/COVID-19-use-face-masks-community.pdf

Ministerio de Sanidad. Recomendaciones sobre el uso de mascarillas en el ámbito comunitario. Publicado: 20 abril 2020. [consultado 15 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasActual/nCov-China/documentos/Recomendaciones_uso_mascarillas_ambito_comunitario.pdf

Conferencia de prensa Informe diario sobre coronavirus COVID-19 en México. Secretaria de Salud. Gobierno de México. Publicado: 25 mayo 2020. [consultado 15 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8CvrmLFG9A

Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. Orden SND/422/2020, de 19 de mayo, por la que se regulan las condiciones para el uso obligatorio de mascarilla durante la situación de crisis sanitaria ocasionada por el COVID-19. Publicado: «BOE» núm. 142, de 20 de mayo de 2020, páginas 33600 a 33602 (3 págs.) con entrada en vigor 21/05/2020. [consultado 21 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2020-5142

Sugita Y, Noda T, Sagara H, Kawaoka Y. Ultracentrifugation deforms unfixed influenza A virions. Journal of General Virology. 2011;92(11):2485-2493. doi:10.1099/vir.0.036715-0

Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3352361/pdf/2485.pdf

Johnson D, Druce J, Birch C, Grayson M. A Quantitative Assessment of the Efficacy of Surgical and N95 Masks to Filter Influenza Virus in Patients with Acute Influenza Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2009;49(2):275-277. doi:10.1086/600041

Link: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/49/2/275/405108

Oberg T, Brosseau L. Surgical mask filter and fit performance. Am J Infect Control. 2008;36(4):276-282. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2007.07.008

Link: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0196-6553(07)00774-2

Lee S, Grinshpun S, Reponen T. Respiratory Performance Offered by N95 Respirators and Surgical Masks: Human Subject Evaluation with NaCl Aerosol Representing Bacterial and Viral Particle Size Range. Ann Occup Hyg. 2008;52(3):177-185. doi:10.1093/annhyg/men005

Link: https://academic.oup.com/annweh/article/52/3/177/312528

Leung N, Chu D, Shiu E et al. Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks. Nat Med. 2020;26(5):676-680. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0843-2

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0843-2

Bae S, Kim M, Kim J et al. Effectiveness of Surgical and Cotton Masks in Blocking SARS–CoV-2: A Controlled Comparison in 4 Patients. Ann Intern Med. 2020. doi:10.7326/m20-1342

Link: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M20-1342

Royal Society DELVE Initiative: Face Masks for the General Public. Publicado: 4 mayo 2020. [consultado 18 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://rs-delve.github.io/reports/2020/05/04/face-masks-for-the-general-public.html

Stern D, López-Olmedo N, Pérez-Ferrer C, González-Morales R, Canto-Osorio F, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T. Revisión rápida del uso de cubrebocas quirúrgicos en ámbito comunitario e infecciones respiratorias agudas. Salud Publica Mex. 2020;62:305-316. doi: 10.21149/11379

Link: http://www.saludpublica.mx/index.php/spm/article/view/11379/11863

Wang MW, Zhou MY, Ji GH. Mask crisis during the COVID-19 outbreak. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(6):3397â€3399. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202003_20707

Link: https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/3397-3399.pdf

Szarpak L, Smereka J, Filipiak K, Ladny J, Jaguszewski M. Cloth masks versus medical masks for COVID-19 protection. Cardiol J. 2020;27(2):218-219. doi:10.5603/cj.a2020.0054 Link: https://journals.viamedica.pl/cardiology_journal/article/view/CJ.a2020.0054/50647

Ahmad EF, Mohammed M, Al Rayes AA, Al Qahtani A, Elzubier AG, Suliman FA. The effect of wearing the veil by Saudi ladies on the occurrence of respiratory diseases. J Asthma. 2001;38(5):423â€426. doi:10.1081/jas-100001497

Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11515979/

MacIntyre CR, Seale H, Dung TC. A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in healthcare workers. BMJ Open 2015;5:e006577. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006577

Link: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/5/4/e006577.full.pdf

Public Health Ontario: 2019-nCoV – What We Know So Far About…Wearing Masks in Public. Publicado: 7 abril 2020. [consultado 18 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/ncov/covid-wwksf/what-we-know-public-masks-apr-7-2020.pdf?la=en

Nussbaumerâ€Streit B, Mayr V, Dobrescu AI, Chapman A, Persad E, Klerings I, Wagner G, Siebert U, Christof C, Zachariah C, Gartlehner G. Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVIDâ€19: a rapid review. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD013574. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013574.

Link: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD013574/epdf/full

Greenhalgh T, Schmid M, Czypionka T, Bassler D, Gruer L. Face masks for the public during the covid-19 crisis. BMJ. 2020:m1435. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1435

Link: https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m1435.full.pdf

Milton D, Fabian M, Cowling B, Grantham M, McDevitt J. Influenza Virus Aerosols in Human Exhaled Breath: Particle Size, Culturability, and Effect of Surgical Masks. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(3):e1003205. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003205

Link:https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003205

Zhang L, Peng Z, Ou J, et al. Protection by Face Masks against Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus on Trans-Pacific Passenger Aircraft, 2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2013;19(9):1403-1410. doi:10.3201/eid1909.121765.

Link: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/9/12-1765_article

Barasheed O, Alfelali M, Mushta S et al. Uptake and effectiveness of facemask against respiratory infections at mass gatherings: a systematic review. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2016;47:105-111. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.03.023

Link: https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(16)31010-4/fulltext

Cowling BJ, Chan KH, Fang VJ, et al. Facemasks and hand hygiene to prevent influenza transmission in households: a cluster randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2009 Oct;151(7):437-446. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-151-7-200910060-00142.

Link: https://europepmc.org/article/med/19652172

Kampf G, Todt D, Pfaender S, Steinmann E. Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020;104(3):246-251. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022

Link: https://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0195-6701%2820%2930046-3

Cheng K, Lam T, Leung C. Wearing face masks in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic: altruism and solidarity. The Lancet. 2020. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30918-1

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620309181?via%3Dihub

Saunders-Hastings P, Crispo J, Sikora L, Krewski D. Effectiveness of personal protective measures in reducing pandemic influenza transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemics.2017;20:1-20. doi:10.1016/j.epidem.2017.04.003

Link:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755436516300858?via%3Dihub

Brienen N, Timen A, Wallinga J, Van Steenbergen J, Teunis P. The Effect of Mask Use on the Spread of Influenza During a Pandemic. Risk Analysis. 2010;30(8):1210-1218. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01428.x

Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01428.x

Xiao J, Shiu E, Gao H. Nonpharmaceutical Measures for Pandemic Influenza in Nonhealthcare Settings—Personal Protective and Environmental Measures. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2020;26(5):967-975. doi:10.3201/eid2605.190994

Link: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/5/19-0994_article

Ma Q, Shan H, Zhang C et al. Decontamination of face masks with steam for mask reuse in fighting the pandemic COVIDâ€19: experimental supports. J Med Virol. 2020. doi:10.1002/jmv.25921

Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmv.25921

Robert Koch Institut. Ist das Tragen einer Mund-Nasen-Bedeckung in der Öffentlichkeit zum Schutz vor SARS-CoV-2 sinnvoll?. Publicado: 13 junio 2020. [consultado 20 mayo 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.rki.de/SharedDocs/FAQ/NCOV2019/FAQ_Mund_Nasen_Schutz.html

Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte. Hinweise des BfArM zur Verwendung von selbst hergestellten Masken (sog. „Community-Masken“), medizinischen Gesichtsmasken, sowie filtrierenden Halbmasken (FFP1, FFP2 und FFP3) im Zusammenhang mit dem Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / Covid-19). Publicado: 31 marzo 2020. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.bfarm.de/SharedDocs/Risikoinformationen/Medizinprodukte/DE/schutzmasken.html

Bundesministerium für Soziales, Gesundheit, Pflege und Konsumentenschutz. Coronavirus - Aktuelle Maßnahmen. Publicado: 5 mayo 2020. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.sozialministerium.at/Informationen-zum-Coronavirus/Coronavirus---Aktuelle-Ma%C3%9Fnahmen.html

Federal Public Service Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment. New Coronavirus (Covid-19). Publicado: 9 marzo 2020. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.health.belgium.be/en/news/new-coronavirus-covid-19

The Bulgarian Ministry of Health. Citizens who are in closed or open public places must wear a protective mask. Publicado: 30 marzo 2020. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: http://www.mh.government.bg/bg/novini/aktualno/grazhdanite-koito-se-namirat-v-zakriti-ili-na-otkr/

Government of the Czech Republic. The government requires the wearing of protective equipment and reserved time for pensioners to do their food shopping. Publicado: 18 marzo 2020. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.vlada.cz/en/media-centrum/aktualne/the-government-has-decided-to-require-the-wearing-of-protective-equipment-and-reserved-time-for-senior-citizens-to-do-their-food-shopping-180465/

The National Board of Health. Questions and answers on novel coronavirus. Publicado: 18 mayo 2020. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.sst.dk/corona-eng/FAQ

Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic. Measure Public Health Office of the Slovak Republic when endangering public health. Publicado: 24 marzo 2020. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: http://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/covid19/Opatrenie_UVZSR_povinnost_nosit_ruska_24032020.pdf

Republic of Slovenia. Measures to curb the spread of the coronavirus. Publicado: 15 mayo 2020. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.gov.si/en/topics/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/measures-to-curb-the-spread-of-the-coronavirus/

Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. Frequently asked questions about coronavirus. Publicado: no se especifica. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://thl.fi/en/web/infectious-diseases/what-s-new/coronavirus-covid-19-latest-updates/frequently-asked-questions-about-coronavirus-covid-19-

Department of Health. Guidance on safe use of face coverings. Publicado: 15 mayo 2020. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/aac74c-guidance-on-safe-use-of-face-coverings/

Ministero della Salute. FAQ - Covid-19, questions and answers. Publicado: 16 mayo 2020. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/nuovocoronavirus/dettaglioFaqNuovoCoronavirus.jsp?lingua=english&id=230

Ministry of Health of The Republic of Lithuania. Recommendations on the use of personal protective equipment for protection against covid-19 diseases (coronavirus infections) non-health in sectoral institutions. Publicado: 30 marzo 2020. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: http://sam.lrv.lt/uploads/sam/documents/files/KORONA/20200330_Rekomendacijos_AAP_kiti_sektoriai.pdf

Ministry of Health of The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Coronavirus: COVID-19. Publicado: no se especifica. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://msan.gouvernement.lu/en/dossiers/2020/corona-virus.html

Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Hand hygiene, cough etiquette, face masks, cleaning and laundry - Advice and information to the general public. Publicado: 7 abril 2020. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.fhi.no/en/op/novel-coronavirus-facts-advice/facts-and-general-advice/hand-hygiene-cough-etiquette-face-masks-cleaning-and-laundry/

Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. Avoid busy places and stay 1.5 metres away from others. Publicado: 6 mayo 2020. [consultado 20 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.government.nl/ministries/ministry-of-health-welfare-and-sport/news/2020/05/06/avoid-busy-places-and-stay-1.5-metres-away-from-others

Ministry of Health, Current rules and restrictions. Publicado: 17 mayo 2020. [consultado 21 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.gov.pl/web/koronawirus/aktualne-zasady-i-ograniczenia

Government of Portugal. COVID-19 | Information on measures and restrictions in Portugal. Publicado: 18 mayo 2020. [consultado 21 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.visitportugal.com/en/node/421175?utm_campaign=tdp&utm_source=instagram&utm_medium=social

Federal Office of Public Health FOPH. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about the new coronavirus. Publicado: sin especificar. [consultado 21 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/en/home/krankheiten/ausbrueche-epidemien-pandemien/aktuelle-ausbrueche-epidemien/novel-cov/haeufig-gestellte-fragen.html#1776033866

Shuo Feng, Chen Shen, Nan Xia, Wei Song, Mengzhen Fan, Benjamin J Cowling. Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic. Comment. The Lancet. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30134-X

Link: https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanres/PIIS2213-2600(20)30134-X.pdf

Ministry of Health and Welfare. (5.4.) Regular Briefing of Central Disaster and Safety Countermeasure Headquarters on COVID-19. Publicado: 15 mayo 2020. [consultado 21 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.mohw.go.kr/eng/nw/nw0101vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=1007&MENU_ID=100701&page=1&CONT_SEQ=354551

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Q & A on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Publicado: 1 abril 2020. [consultado 21 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/dengue_fever_qa_00014.html#Q6

Singapore Government Agency Website. How to redeem the new reusable mask. Publicado: 22 mayo 2020. [consultado 22 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.gov.sg/article/when-should-i-wear-a-mask

Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. Guidelines for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Publicado: 11 abril 2020. [consultado 22 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov.tw/En/File/Get/p6AQ9xTjwAVnArHyq-MGjQ

Government of Canada. Non-medical masks and face coverings: About. Publicado: 21 mayo 2020. [consultado 22 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-infection/prevention-risks/about-non-medical-masks-face-coverings.html

Gobierno de México. USO DEL CUBREBOCA COVID-19. Publicado: 24 marzo 2020. [consultado 22 junio 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.gob.mx/salud/documentos/uso-del-cubreboca

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2021 Clinical Medicine Journal

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.